How to style, compose and light a flat lay photograph
Street photographer Kiran Cox explores the visual storytelling genre of flat lay photography with his Nikon Z Series setup
Flat lay photography shares a personal story through objects. It is known for gaining high interactions with viewers on social media and is used by many, from bloggers and chefs to graphic desigers and of course photographers!
A few years ago, it used to be my go-to style when I worked as an in-house product photographer and designer for an independent gift company. I always loved when a new range of products would arrive and I had the opportunity to grab some different backgrounds to experiment with, whether it was using different coloured sheets of card or being able to box everything up and head out to find a location. I think coming from a street and documentary photography background is why I enjoyed this the most; being able to explore and hunt down the perfect texture and light always made the result more rewarding.
Composition
Composition is an essential part of any flat lay photograph. It is the composition that will draw the viewer’s eye into the photo, and it is up to you to bring them into the main focal point. This would be your main product/item, most often known as the hero piece. As a good starting point, placing the hero piece in the centre of your frame is an easy way to start building your scene. From here, you can start to add or remove items to see what works best. Remember to take a step back every so often to get a full view of how your layout is coming together.
There are a few different styles of composition you can play with to do this. The most common two are structured layouts, where each item is meticulously placed around your hero piece and a more random looking layout where you can place things at different angles and also have some of your pieces partially cropped out of the frame.
Follow the steps below and you will be well on your way to creating some amazing shots.
How to compose your shot:
- Ensure your hero piece is in the centre and commands the most attention from the viewer.
- Try not to use larger items in the corners of your shot.
- Keep an eye on the distancing between each piece. Keeping things equally spread always works well.
- Negative space can be very distracting, so keep an eye out for this, especially in the corners of your frame.
- Try to focus on the main parts of your hero piece e.g. with the Nikon Z 7 you might want to show the layout of the buttons at the top.
- Try some slightly different angles, adding a very slight tilt can add a lot more depth and dimension to a photograph without taking too much away from the birds-eye view.
- Use items that have different heights. This is a great way to make certain items stand out and make good use of any negative space.
Lighting
In most flat lay photography, you will see an even light spread across the image to avoid long and harsh shadows that might cover some of the items in the scene, and in some cases become a distraction from the main focal point. There are a few ways you can light your photo; natural light (if you are shooting outside, a cloudy sky will give you great even light with hardly any shadows), artificial light such as neon lights from a sign, continuous lighting or a speedlight.
However, in some cases introducing some direct light can help add depth and personality to your photo, if it does not overexpose any of the items you have laid out.
How to use lighting in your photo:
- Try to create an even light across your photo to make sure everything is exposed correctly and equally.
- Be mindful of harsh shadows as they may cover some of your items.
- When photographing items that are reflective, you can often get bright spots that could cover key details you are trying to capture.
- Keep an eye on your white balance. This is especially important if shooting under things such as blue skies, tungsten bulbs and fluorescent tubes.
Shoot flat lay like a pro
Watch Kiran as he styles and composes a flat lay
Balance, colour and tones
This is where you can start to bring out the personality of the photograph and make it unique to your aesthetic. There are a few ways you can go about doing this. Here are a few examples of things you can try:
- Try using a colour that contrasts with the products to help them stand out more, equally using the same colour can be just as visually appealing to the eye.
- Use different textured backgrounds — these always work extremely well e.g. bricks, wooden textures, and concrete.
- If you are using textures, keep them minimal so they do not take away from the items you are showcasing.
Telling a story
I mainly shoot street and documentary photography, and with this genre I am constantly trying to tell a story — either through a single image or from a group of photographs. I wanted to bring this into flat lay photography. Here are a few ways in which you can do this:
- Introduce some personal items into your photograph — such as a pair of sunglasses, a plant or a baseball cap. Just be careful that they do not detract from your hero piece.
- Background and textures always add depth and personality to a shot. If you are using the photos for a blog or Instagram feed, search for textures that match your style and bring out your personality.
- If you are shooting product, try to demonstrate some of its features. One example would be shooting the Z 6 with the tilt screen extended out.
- Bring in other elements such as water. Adding a light mist to your products or background can further help visually tell the story behind the photograph (such as demonstrating the weather sealing capabilities of the Z Series range).
- Postproduction editing. Every photographer edits their photographs in a unique way. Use this to add flavour to your photos.
Postavke
Sada slijedi tehnički aspekt „flat lay” fotografije. Glede postavki na fotoaparatu, dostupni su brzina okidača, otvor blende, ISO i žarišna duljina pri kojoj snimate. Slijedi kratak pregled nekih postavki koje preporučujem za snimanje „flat lay” fotografije.
Brzina okidača
Način na koji ćete postaviti brzinu okidača ovisi o tome kako snimate. Ako snimate iz ruke, želite biti sigurni da je postavljen na dovoljno veliku brzinu da izbjegnete podrhtavanje fotoaparata. Dobar način da procijenite koja će brzina okidača spriječiti hvatanje pokreta udvostručenje je brzine žarišne duljine pri kojoj snimate. Primjerice, ako koristite objektiv od 50 mm, pazite da brzina okidača nije postavljena na brzinu nižu od 1/100 sekunde.
Otvor blende
Otvor blende koji odaberete za snimanje zapravo ovisi o tome koliku dubinsku oštrinu želite da vaša fotografija ima. Kako bi se osiguralo da su svi elementi fotografije izoštreni i u fokusu, otvor blende obično se postavlja na f 5,6 ili više. Ako su prisutni objekti koji su puno viši od ostalih, možda ćete morati dodatno povećati otvor blende.
U protivnom, ako zaista želite istaknuti određeni dio fotografije, primjerice, glavni lik, prebacivanje na uži otvor blende, kao što je f 2,8 ili manji, dat će vam lijepo zamućenu pozadinu.
ISO
U većini slučajeva, „flat lay” fotografije snimat ćete pri dobrom osvjetljenju, pa visoka vrijednost ISO osjetljivosti ne bi trebala biti neophodna. U idealnom slučaju, preporučio bih da bude što niža kako biste izbjegli zrnatost i kako bi vaše fotografije bile što oštrije i jasnije. Većina fotografija koje sam snimio fotoaparatom serije Z snimljena je pri vrijednosti ISO osjetljivosti od 500 ili nižoj. Ako je svjetlost ograničena, pokušajte upotrijebiti stativ jer tako možete smanjiti brzinu okidača i ISO osjetljivost.
Žarišna duljina
„Flat lay” fotografije možete snimati pri većini žarišnih duljina, ali ako je žarišna duljina prevelika, počet će se pojavljivati izobličenje leće. Kako biste to spriječili, preporučujem da ne snimate pri žarišnoj duljini većoj od 50 mm. Kada snimam uličnu fotografiju, obično snimam isključivo pri žarišnoj duljini od 35 mm, no za „flat lay” fotografije morate se dosta približiti ili će se na konačnim fotografijama pojaviti izobličenja.
Uređivanje
Dostupno je vrlo mnogo aplikacija za uređivanje aplikacija. Ja uglavnom koristim Adobe Lightroom. Brz je i jednostavan za upotrebu i odličan je način za organiziranje svih vaših datoteka. Ako dosad niste radili u aplikaciji Lightroom, najbolje ćete se naučiti ako pregledate alate za uređivanje i prilagodite klizače, poigrate se s krivuljom nijansi te jednostavno uključite i isključite opcije da vidite kako utječu na sliku. Kada budete znali utjecaj svake opcije, možete početi vršiti prilagodbe koje odgovaraju vašem stilu.
To je i izvrstan alat za male ispravke, kao što je uklanjanje mrlja od prašine i čišćenje manjih dijelova fotografije.
Savjeti za uređivanje „flat lay” fotografija u aplikaciji Lightroom
- Uvijek započnite označavanjem potvrdnih okvira „Ukloni kromatsku aberaciju” i „Omogući ispravke profila” u odjeljku za korekcije objektiva. Tako će se smanjiti izobličenje leće.
- Budite oprezni prilikom prilagodbe boja. Svaka boja trebala bi biti što sličnija izvorniku, poglavito kada je riječ o fotografiji proizvoda.
- Ako imate cijeli set fotografija na istoj pozadini, spremite opciju uređivanja s kojom ste najzadovoljniji kao unaprijed postavljenu postavku. Potom je možete primijeniti na sve odabrane fotografije.
- Osobno uglavnom uređujem u odjeljcima „Nijansa” i „Krivulja nijansi”. Putem tih odjeljaka možete drastično pojačati prirodne boje i nijanse na fotografiji.
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